A new standard for carbon trading will help link forestry and
agriculture projects into a million-dollar market to help fight global
warming, backers said on Tuesday.
Under rules set by the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS), projects
such as reducing the rate of tropical deforestation could get tradable
credits for a voluntary market aimed at companies and individuals and
worth $330 million in 2007, they said.
"For the first time ever investors can rely on robust rules for
crediting agriculture, agriculture and other land use projects," David
Antonioli, chief executive of the London-based VCS Association, said in
a statement.
Trees absorb heat-trapping carbon dioxide as they grow and release
it as they burn or rot. Emissions from current rapid deforestation in
tropical nations account for about a fifth of emissions from human
activities, led by burning of fossil fuels.
Talks on a new U.N. climate treaty due to be agreed by the end of
2009 are seeking ways to grant developing nations incentives to let
trees stand. But there is a lack of rules for assessing forests and
their carbon stocks.
"This is an important day for world forests," said Toby
Janson-Smith, a director of Conservation International, a leading
environmental group, of the new VCS.
The system would make credits from carbon stored in forests
interchangeable with other voluntary carbon credits, generated by
emissions from energy use or industry.
Under the rules, forestry projects could use historical national
data on deforestation rates to estimate the amount of carbon preserved.
For instance, a tropical forest stores about 200 tonnes of carbon
dioxide per hectare (2.471 acres). If the deforestation rate in an area
is 2 percent a year, conserving a hectare would lock up an extra four
tonnes of carbon.
After taking account of risks -— such as fires or storms -— 50
percent might be set aside into a "buffer fund," leaving two tonnes of
tradable VCS credits.
The VCS is backed by the Climate Group, the International Emissions
Trading Association, the World Economic Forum and the World Business
Council for Sustainable Development.
The voluntary market allows companies and individuals to cut their
carbon emissions. Prices averaged $7.30 a tonne for emissions measured
by the VCS in July-August, according to a study by New Carbon Finance.
